Philosophical Ethics - Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophical Ethics - Utilitarianism - Essay Example There are drawbacks to seeing things from Mill’s perspective, first of all because Mill lived in a society which was much different and much less global than today’s society. Secondly, there are problems in equating society at the beginning of the industrial revolution, in terms of quality and safety of the workplace. So, many of the early uses of the philosophy have been supplanted by new uses, in which authors like Bentham expand definitions of utility, in two basically positivist representations of utilitarianism by these authors. Mill was famous with a philosophy called utilitarianism. â€Å"An apology is due to the philosophical opponents of utilitarianism, for even the momentary appearance of confounding them with any one capable of so absurd a misconception; which is the more extraordinary, inasmuch as the contrary accusation, of referring everything to pleasure† (Mill, 2010). The author doesn’t go into a lot of detail about this philosophy or the fact that it is rather out of date today, since it enjoyed its most prominence in the Victorian era. However people still do talk about utilitarianism today, and Mill uses a basically utilitarian argument of logic to state that no one should be more or less important than anyone else, in terms of sentient beings. Compared to Bentham, Mill is the earlier writer, and therefore he supplies more of a framework of utilitarianism. He sets out to define the theory as well as defend it, and the document is very insistent that this philosophy should not be conflated with simple hedonism. Rather, it is more of an early attempt at a social capital theory, with generalized terms that would represent the equation of happiness in society. What Mill and Bentham both see utilitarianism as is a moral theory, and this is correct, and therefore the author uses the moral theory to back up their own moral philosophy. â€Å"Jeremy Bentham incorporated the essential basis

Reflection On Care Of Surgical Drains Nursing Essay

Reflection On Care Of Surgical Drains Nursing Essay The use of drains continues to be an important aspect in the management of patients postoperatively. While drains serve an important function, they are also associated with complications such as haemorrhage, tissue inflammation, retrograde bacterial migration, and drain entrapment (Walker 2007). It is therefore very essential for nurses to provide adequate monitoring and care of surgical drains and provide measures to ensure prevention of complications from arising. While working in the surgical ward, I have been exposed to patients with surgical drains. This reality pushed me to know more about surgical drains and to gain more competence in the management of these patients. In this essay, I would be reflecting on my experiences as I worked to achieve my learning outcome of becoming proficient with surgical drains. I would be utilising Gibbs (1988) model of reflection which consists of 6 stages, namely: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. DESCRIPTION In the past, I have been exposed to patients in the surgical intensive care unit with surgical drains. I have known how to monitor care for the drains and have seen the surgeons remove these drains. But, I have never tried removing surgical drains before. Only surgeons and surgical resident doctors were allowed to remove drains in the country where I have trained before. Thus, when I started my adaptation program in the surgical ward, I was impressed with how skilful the nurses are with surgical drain removal. This gave me the urge to become proficient with the care of drains. During the first week of the adaptation program, I started my quest for knowledge by doing a literature review about the indications, importance of drains, the different types and the risks complications involved with drains. I gathered information from my mentor about the hospitals protocol and procedures for the care of drains as well as the different surgeons preferences in the care of their patients drains. It was then that I found out that surgeons always prefer the drains of orthopaedic patients (hip and knee replacements) to be taken out after 24 hours. As cited by Tucci, et al (2005), closed suction drainage systems are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery, the rationale for its use is to theoretically reduce wound haematoma and infection. Knowing that I was already well equipped with knowledge, I then focused on enhancing my skills in this aspect. I worked hand in hand with my mentor as I observed how she monitored, re-vacuumed, and removed the drains. I observed the techniques and principles that she utilised and noted the different materials needed for each procedure. FEELINGS When I already felt ready to remove the drain for the first time, I was feeling a little bit anxious that I would do something wrong especially that my mentor would be supervising me as I perform the procedure. I knew that time that I was well prepared knowledge wise and I exactly knew what I was about to do, but there is always that feeling of nervousness when you do something for the first time. My anxiety was lessened when my mentor reassured me as she told me not to worry as she will guide me all throughout the procedure. I had all the materials ready and was all geared up with personal protective devices. After obtaining informed consent from the patient, I removed the drain without any difficulty while making sure that aseptic technique was observed. Aseptic technique is very important to prevent surgical site infections. According to the NICE guidelines (2008), the development of an SSI depends on contamination of the wound site at the end of a surgical procedure and specifically relates to the pathogenicity and inoculum of microorganisms present, balanced against the hosts immune response. Thus, proper hand washing and maintaining sterility are very important when handling drains. Aside from removing drains, I have gained more confidence in re-vacuuming drains, monitoring drainage output, documenting and watching out for complications. While taking care of these patients, I ensured that complications are prevented by providing health teachings about hygiene, proper hand washing, measures to prevent complications and early detection of any complications. EVALUATION With the entire learning process, I was able to achieve my goal of attaining positive learning outcomes. I had been more proficient with handling surgical drains. I have improved my knowledge and shared these with my patients for them to have a safe recovery. I had been very keen with minimising complications and had been more watchful of the danger signs. I have known and practiced infection control by heart as well. There was one negative incident that occurred during my adaptation experience. This incident made me more cautious whenever I took care of patients with drains. We had a patient who underwent a major breast operation who had four astra drains in situ. She developed a haematoma during our shift because of the fact that all of her drains were all clamped from the previous shift. The surgeon himself discovered the nurses error and noticed the haematoma as well. He was not happy with what happened and told us to be very cautious with his patients drains. We made an investigation and found out that the nurse who re-vacuumed the drains from the previous shift failed to unclamp the drains. We made an incident report and informed the ward sister about the incident. We regularly monitored the patients haematoma and regularly massaged the affected area. ANALYSIS This incident made me realise how quickly complications arise when a single error is done. It taught me to be more cautious when re-vacuuming drains. Ever since that incident occurred, I always double check that all the drains are unclamped and patent before leaving the patients rooms. I always check the wound drain site for any haematoma or other unusualities as well. CONCLUSION Although it was not my error that the drains were clamped, I could still say that I do have a fault in that incident. If I could have checked the drains and the wound initially at the start of the shift, that haematoma might not have occurred or if not, be minimised. I was too busy taking care of other postoperative patients and kept saying to myself during that time that I would check the drains the wound after I am settled with the other patients. If I could have managed my time well and spared a little of my time to assess that patient, the incident might not have occurred. This incident served as a lesson for me the other staff nurses in the surgical ward and taught us the importance of drains thus, they should not be taken for granted. ACTION PLAN Based on this entire experience, I plan to widen my knowledge about surgical drains by doing more research work about other types of surgical drains that I am not familiar with to enhance my knowledge and to be prepared when the time comes that I would come across these types of drains. I also intend to be always updated with my knowledge by reading recent articles from journals or other sources and grab any opportunity of attending seminars/ trainings for continuing professional development.

The Significance of Sound in Film Essay -- Cinematography Sound Analys

Movies ultimately engage two of the main senses, vision and hearing. Director Steven Spielberg once said, â€Å"The eye sees better when the sound is great.† Sound is just as imperative as an element as every additional component of film form. As stated in the textbook on page 41 â€Å"Any attentive filmgoer is aware of the enormous power music holds in shaping the film experience, manipulating emotions and point of view, and guiding perceptions of characters, moods, and narrative events† (Gorbman). The sound, in the majority of narrative films is the element that provides distinctive cues that assist the spectators from expectations with reference to significance; and in numerous occasions, sound essentially helps to shape the audiences analyses and interpretations regarding the film. For this final paper, I want to discuss the importance of sound in three of the films viewed this semester. These three films are: Bonnie and Clyde the 1967 film by Arthur Penn, The re Will Be Blood the 2007 film by Paul Thomas Anderson and Bamboozled the 2000 film by Spike Lee. With omission of the chase scenes, there was virtually no music heard in the film Bonnie and Clyde. There wasn’t an accompanying piano, orchestra or string quartet reminiscent of most other films. However, there is the hillbilly banjo music that is played merely throughout these chase scenes in the film. If there were not any music playing throughout these scenes, I think that spectators would construe the chase scenes as being nerve-racking and perilous getaways. But, the Barrow Gang as they called themselves, were an entertaining company that thought everything they were doing was comical. Another scene in Bonnie and Clyde that I found that vastly utilized sound was th... ...pleasant to watch, that is if it is done correctly. I always have found that sound and music help to move films along faster and smoother. Works Cited Barsam, Richard and Dave Monahan. Looking at Movies: An Introduction To Film. Third Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Ltd., 2010. Bradshaw, Peter. There Will Be Blood. 8 February 2008. 7 December 2010 . Gorbman, Claudia. "Film Music." Gibson, John Hill and Pamela Church. Film Studies critical approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc., 2000. 41-48. Stevens, Dana. There Will Be Blood Paul: Thomas Anderson's deranged masterpiece. 24 December 2007. 7 December 2010 . Venicelion. Bamboozled (US 2000). 31 October 2008. 6 December 2010 .

Case Summary of Jamie Turner the Case Describes the Evolution

Case Summary of Jamie Turner The case describes the evolution of an interpersonal mismatch between a previously successful manager, Jamie Turner, and his new boss, Pat Cardullo. Turner, a 32 year old MBA graduate, has been recruited by Cardullo to be vice president of marketing and sales at Modern Lighting Industries, Inc. (MLI). MLI, a struggling regional distributor of industrial lighting systems and equipment based in Chicago, has recently been acquired by a division of the much larger San Diego-based Specialty Support Services (Triple S).Cardullo, the president of MLI, is the chief proponent of the Triple S acquisition, and he has told Turner to revive MLI, implying that if Turner succeeds he will soon advance to company president. It becomes apparent, however, that Cardullo and Turner have very different assumptions and expectations about turning MLI around. The case portrays Turner's developing problems and his unsuccessful attempts to resolve them, and also Cardullo's passage through several managerial challenges. Questions 1. Give a summary of the case. 2. What type of leadership style is shown in the case? 3. Pat Cardullo’s leadership style, is it right for Jamie turner? 4. Is the relationship between Pat Cardullo and Jamie turner is right? If not then give a description of the problem between their relationships. 5. What could be the solution of this problem? Give a long term solution for the future to avoid such type of problem. 6. If you are the C. E.O of the company then how you will solve the problem? * Some guidelines for report In the report you have to give a brief about the case as well as give your opinion about the problem. Mention the leadership theory shone in the case. There are also some questions to answer in the last page of the brief case. In the presentation slide you have to give a summary first. Then give the other points of the report. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.

History of Moulin Rouge

Carefree life, Fickleness and Joie de Vivre†¦ Those are the three words that could best sum up this unique period in the History of France. It was a rest between two wars, a period of transition between two centuries, during which the social barriers collapsed, when the industrial revolution gave hope of a better life for all, in a rich cultural profusion and that promised much fun. The middle-class mixed with the riffraff, the popular culture was enhanced in a contented disorder full of joy and vitality. In that atmosphere, which favored artistic creativity, literary circles appeared and disappeared according to people meetings, while painters and drawers got especially inspired by this joyful sometimes outrageous but full of fancy atmosphere that broke completely with the rigid classicism of that period. Moulin Rogue takes place in Montmarte (an area within the city of Paris). Crowning the Montmartre- based world of commercial entertainment was Joseph Oller and Charles Zidler’s landmark music hall, the Moulin Rouge. When the Moulin Rouge opened its door on the Place Blanche at the foot of Montmartre on the 6th of October 1889, all Paris turned out. Highbrow and lowbrow society alike mobbed the ‘Palace of Women’ before the paintwork was dry on its extravagantly decorated interior. The Moulin Rouge’s decor, by Montmartre painter Adolphe Willette, its exotic colour, form and the being became an overnight legend. Besides the immense dance hall complete with galleries to watch the dance floor and an orchestra mounted above the stage, there was a garden with another stage, cafe tables, cavorting monkeys and unstockinged prostitutes riding donkeys. Also in the garden, a giant elephant (gleaned when the Universal Exhibition of 1889 terminated, housed an Arabian themed club inside its body. Male clients entered via the elephant’s leg where a spiral staircase opened onto belly dancing performances, an orchestra and an opium den. Making a radical break with the century’s relentless class divisions, a microcosm of Parisian society rubbed shoulder in scandalous proximity. European royalty, ambassadors, politicians, industrialists and magistrates lummed it with celebrity courtesans, can-can girls and workers. The local Montmartre Bohemians and the cocottes and noctambules (prostitutes), pimps, madams and thieves who were their neighbors were also out in force. Within the Moulin’s velvet draped walls, the aromas of women’s scent, face powder, tobacco and beer mingled as promiscuously as the audience in a class of their own were the courtesans, a social phenomena that all but died out with the end of the Bell e Epoque and the beginning of World War 1. Though springing from the same working class as the prostitutes, the more celebrated courtesans were distinguished by the length and high-style of the relationships they formed (with, near exclusively, the elite of Europe). Like today’s film, stars and supermodels, were also coltishly observed by press and public. But, if the Moulin Rouge quickly established its reputation as the most exotic sex market in Paris, it also represented a kind of cultural and social revolution.